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Redan 1966 uppmanades den dåvarande kolonialmakten Spanien av FN att avkolonisera Västsahara, en av de då få kvarvarande kolonierna i Afrika. Det ledde till att Spanien genomförde en folkräkning i området 1973 som en förberedelse till en folkomröstning bland västsahariernas om områdets kommande status. Någon folkomröstning genomfördes dock inte. I stället övertog Marocko och Mauretanien Spaniens koloniala roll genom det illegala och hemliga Madridavtalet 1975.
Den väpnade kamp, som befrielserörelsen Polisario hade inlett mot de spanska kolonisatörerna 1973, fortsatte mot Marocko och Mauretanien.
1988 lade OAU, den Afrikanska Enhetsorganisationen och FN fram en fredsplan som gick ut på eld-upphör mellan Marocko och Polisario och en folkomröstning om Västsaharas självständighet. De röstberättigade västsaharierna skulle välja mellan integration med Marocko eller ett självständigt Västsahara.
1991 etablerades FN-styrkan MINURSO i Västsahara. Sedan dess har Marocko på olika sätt saboterat FN-planen. 2004 meddelade den marockanska regimen att man aldrig kommer att acceptera ett självständigt Västsahara. Den nuvarande FN-styrkan består av 231 personer varav 188 militärer.
FN:s säkerhetsråds senaste resolution antog 31 oktober 2007. Mandatet har förlängts till 30 april 2008 1963 UN Resolution 1514 "Non-self governing territory" Läs här 29/1 2002 UN Office of Legal Affairs Advisory FN:s rättschef Hans Corells utlåtande Läs här UN Security Council Resolutions Läs här 8/10 2008 Tal i FN:s avkoloniseringsutskott av Mildred Thulin, f.d. riksdagsledamot (c): IV SPECIAL POLITICAL and DECOLONIZATION COMMITTEE Mr Chairman, Members of this Committee, ladies and gentlemen In 1975 the People of Western Sahara (Saharawis) eagerly awaited the 91 years of Spanish colonization to end. The last colony in Africa was to have its independence.But instead of getting freedom Western Sahara was brutally occupied and confined by Morocco. 33 years later this is still the case. Spain considers itself free from responsibility but does in fact carry huge guilt for today’s situation by ending the colonization in an unjust way.
The people of Western Sahara has the right to self-determination and self-government (GA Resolution 1514 and SC Resolution 1754) and Morocco’s legal claims on the Western Sahara territory have been rejected (International Court of Justice, Oct 16 1975)No states have accepted Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara but some 60 states have recognized the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) I urge all of you to propose your governments to recognize SADR.
During all these years of illegal occupation Morocco has continuously violated Human Rights and Peoples Rights for the Saharawis in fearful ways. Anyone who wants to know more can study testimonies made to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva.
The wall built by Morocco across Western Saharan territory with thousands of military standing sentry is another obstruction and violation. It’s called “The wall of Shame” and is indeed a wall of shame. More than 6 million mines have been placed in the desert, stopping people to move safely. Who is to clear and disarm all these mines?
Not only is Morocco oppressing the Saharawi people it’s also stealing their natural resources despite UN resolutions against prospecting and export of natural resources in occupied areas (UN Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, article 16, number 2, 1974.)
I’m well aware of the efforts UN has made to find a solution and end the Moroccan colonization but so far without success.
Actual talks between the “parts” cannot solve the problem. With all due respect to the UN principles and resolutions, Morocco is not a part in the decolonisation process. Morocco is De Facto an illegal occupier, showing no responsibility for law and order in the occupied territory and without true will to end the occupation.
There are only three ways to reach decolonization: Free association, integration or independence. Moroccan autonomy is no option (GA Resolution 1541)
The Western Sahara case must be given a new start and the Moroccan repression must be stopped.
Here are some issues that must be considered The occupation
· UN must demand Spain to resume its role as administrative power and take the responsibility for a just decolonization process.
· UN must act swift and strongly to stop the Moroccan ongoing repression and to end the illegal occupation. Natural resources
· UN must make public a list of countries and companies that are making business in Western Sahara.
· UN must take responsibility over the development of the natural resources in Western Sahara. UN and not Morocco must manage these resources
· UN must denounce the present fishing agreement between EU and Morocco, claiming the EU to stop it and to renegotiate it excluding waters off Western Sahara.
· UN and its Member States must apply sanctions against Morocco for exploiting the natural resources without the consent and control of the indigenous people Human rights
· UN must demand an immediate release of all Saharawi political prisoners
· UN must demand from Morocco to immediate demolish the wall that splits up the Western Saharan territory
· UN and its Member States must apply sanctions to Morocco for violating human rights · UN must send a specific mission to guarantee that Moroccan settlers and Moroccan authorities do not violate the human rights of the Saharawi people
· UN must apply Chapter VII of the UN Charter to the letter Continuous obstruction of human rights and international laws must never be allowed to pay off.
Thank You
Mildred Thulin, Sweden
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Länkar till MINURSO: Historisk tillbakablick Beskrivning av MINURSO FN:s säkerhetsråds resolutioner FN:s generalsekreterares rapporter 29/1 2002: FN:s rättschef Hans Corell om Västsaharas naturresurser 1963: FN:s resolution 1541 "Västsahara är ett icke-självstyrande territorium"
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